The Planning Commission, Govt. of India, has launched an ambitious National Mission on Biodiesel to be implemented by a number of government agencies and coordinated by the Ministry of Rural Development. The Mission focuses on the cultivation of the physic nut, Jatropha curcas, a shrubby plant of the castor family. The seed contains 30-40% oil and can be mixed with diesel after trans-esterification. Initially Jatropha cultivation will be demonstrated on 0.4 m ha of wasteland area across the country. The entire cost economics is dependant on the productivity, quality and performance of the raw material. The Government is also discussing a National Biofuel Policy.
DBT has been entrusted through a micro-mission with the task of developing technologies that convert fiber, starch and sugar from woody plants and agricultural wastes into useful biofuel products. The thrust is on developing ethanol using lignocellulosic waste as raw material, identifying recombinant microbial stains for enhanced ethanol recovery, producing high quality raw material for biodiesel production and developing the enzymatic trans-esterfication process for more efficient conversion of oil to biodiesel. For the first time, a systematic scientific survey, characterization and collection of superior accessions of J.curcas from across the country has been taken up. More than 1500 accessions have been collected and characterized. Nurseries have been established at 12 locations for providing quality planting material to the National Mission. Nearly 0.8 million quality plantlets have been planted over an area of 300ha. A special focus is being given to crop improvement and on genes involved in oil biosynthesis. Other 'petro-crops' being investigated include Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica) and Mahua (Madhuca indica)
With continued policy support and vigorous technology, biofuels could very soon be breathing new fire.
Sunday, November 1, 2009
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Best online portal for buying Gadgets
If you are searching for some good online portals to buy gadgets like latest mobile accessories, Digital camcorder, Digital Camera, High Definition TV etc then this is the portal you must visit.
http://www.shopwiki.com
Recently I bought a Digital Camera(10 mega pixel)from shopwiki portal ,I was really surprised to get that digicam for reasonable price and i was very much impressed with their safe shipping of products.The portal has lot of information about the various brands and models of Camera and also it contains some guidelines for choosing the one which matches our requirements.Digital Camcorder is another highlight of shopwiki’s product, I have decided to buy 1 camcorder in shopwiki s portal as some of my friends
suggested that the quality is good.
Apart from Digi camera and Camcorder Shopwiki is also famous for its huge variety of latest mobile phones and they have also mentioned the special features of each and every mobile in a easily understandable way. Anyone who logs into shopwiki portal finds it more easy to choose products of his own choice and customer satisfaction is guaranteed with all the products that you purchase with shopwiki.All brand mobiles are available in shopwiki,all you have to do is to login and select the one that best suits you.
HDTV, people call it as high definition TV .This is the latest TV sets that people are willing to buy as it has lot of extra features and performs better than our ordinary TV sets. Even these HDTV are available in shopwiki.
http://www.shopwiki.com
Recently I bought a Digital Camera(10 mega pixel)from shopwiki portal ,I was really surprised to get that digicam for reasonable price and i was very much impressed with their safe shipping of products.The portal has lot of information about the various brands and models of Camera and also it contains some guidelines for choosing the one which matches our requirements.Digital Camcorder is another highlight of shopwiki’s product, I have decided to buy 1 camcorder in shopwiki s portal as some of my friends
suggested that the quality is good.
Apart from Digi camera and Camcorder Shopwiki is also famous for its huge variety of latest mobile phones and they have also mentioned the special features of each and every mobile in a easily understandable way. Anyone who logs into shopwiki portal finds it more easy to choose products of his own choice and customer satisfaction is guaranteed with all the products that you purchase with shopwiki.All brand mobiles are available in shopwiki,all you have to do is to login and select the one that best suits you.
HDTV, people call it as high definition TV .This is the latest TV sets that people are willing to buy as it has lot of extra features and performs better than our ordinary TV sets. Even these HDTV are available in shopwiki.
Saturday, October 3, 2009
THE BEST SATELLITE TV
Here I share my personal view about the direct satellite tv which i purchased few weeks before.DIRECT SAT TV has lot of packages from which you can choose the package which suits you.All the packages are really attractive and affordable too.I ordered for PREMIER package which offers 265+ free channels for 5 months, I bet you that u can't get such offer from anyother DISH TV sellers.Then next thing that i have to quote here is the quality that i get out of it.Its just crystal clear,I cant believe my eyes.If u cant believe it just try purchasing it.
If u want to order for DIRECT SAT TV its soo simple,just spend 15 seconds in the link given below and order for your TV dishes.
http://www.directsattv.com/directv/
You can also select the kind of channels that you want for example if u are a news freak then u can opt for news package under which all the popular news channels comes for no extra cost.direct tv offers sports and HD package too.
If u want to order for DIRECT SAT TV its soo simple,just spend 15 seconds in the link given below and order for your TV dishes.
http://www.directsattv.com/directv/
You can also select the kind of channels that you want for example if u are a news freak then u can opt for news package under which all the popular news channels comes for no extra cost.direct tv offers sports and HD package too.
Sunday, September 6, 2009
3LS-"AN OVERLAY NETWORK SIMULATOR"
3LS (3-Level-Simulator) is a Java based simulator for overlay
networks that uses a central step clock. The system is separated
into three models:
1. Networked
2. Protocol
3. User
The network model is described in terms of distance between nodes in
a 2D space. The protocol model is simply the P2P protocol being used.
The user model generates input from users using a GUI or file.
Communication can only be achieved between directly connected layers.
When running the simulator it is possible to either create the models
for each of the three described levels or to select existing models
from a library. As the simulation runs, each event is displayed on
the screen. Once completed, the simulation data is stored to a file
and this data is accessed by a visualisation tool named AiSee [15].
Currently, an implementation of Gnutella 0.4 exists and has been
tested on a small network of fewer than 20 nodes.
Download Simulator: Please e-mail the creators Nyik San Ting and
Ralph Deters at the University of Saskatchewan for a copy.
networks that uses a central step clock. The system is separated
into three models:
1. Networked
2. Protocol
3. User
The network model is described in terms of distance between nodes in
a 2D space. The protocol model is simply the P2P protocol being used.
The user model generates input from users using a GUI or file.
Communication can only be achieved between directly connected layers.
When running the simulator it is possible to either create the models
for each of the three described levels or to select existing models
from a library. As the simulation runs, each event is displayed on
the screen. Once completed, the simulation data is stored to a file
and this data is accessed by a visualisation tool named AiSee [15].
Currently, an implementation of Gnutella 0.4 exists and has been
tested on a small network of fewer than 20 nodes.
Download Simulator: Please e-mail the creators Nyik San Ting and
Ralph Deters at the University of Saskatchewan for a copy.
NS2-"PACKET LEVEL SIMULATOR"
NS2 developed at UC Berkeley, is a discrete event simulator
targeted at networking research and provides substantial support for
simulation of many Internet, routing, and multicast protocols. It can
be installed on both Windows (using Cygwin) and Linux but evidently
is more suited to Linux. NS2 is comprised of many various packages to
provide its features (e.g. compatibility with numerous protocols and
providing graphical representation of simulations etc) thus is
notoriously difficult to use.
NS2 implements a vast array of protocols including TCP and UDP,
traffic source behavior such as FTP, Telnet, VBR and CBR.
Additionally, there is router queue management mechanisms such as
Drop Tail, RED and CBQ implemented. NS2 also implements multicasting
and some of the MAC layer protocols for LAN simulations. Currently,
there is only one P2P simulation available for NS2 (Gnutella).
Simulations in NS2 are constructed using a mixture of C++ and OTcl
(Object Orientated version of Tcl created by MIT).
Simulating in NS2 is a four step model.
1. Firstly, add a combination of C++ and OTcl code to the NS2 standard
set of libraries to implement your protocol.
2. Create the simulated network using an OTcl script (define the
nodes, links etc).
3. Run the generated scripts.
4. Analyze the trace files generated by NS2. A graphical model (NAM)
can use the trace files to show a graphical representation of the
simulation. Other tools available include graph plotting.
Due to the realistic nature of the packet level NS2 simulator,
scalability is a major issue. However, like most packet level
simulators NS2 can run in parallel with a number of other machines.
This can increase the maximum number of nodes for a given simulation
but can become difficult to manage. Subsequently, NS2 is commonly
used for simulating small networks and is generally unsuitable for
modelling overlay networks.
targeted at networking research and provides substantial support for
simulation of many Internet, routing, and multicast protocols. It can
be installed on both Windows (using Cygwin) and Linux but evidently
is more suited to Linux. NS2 is comprised of many various packages to
provide its features (e.g. compatibility with numerous protocols and
providing graphical representation of simulations etc) thus is
notoriously difficult to use.
NS2 implements a vast array of protocols including TCP and UDP,
traffic source behavior such as FTP, Telnet, VBR and CBR.
Additionally, there is router queue management mechanisms such as
Drop Tail, RED and CBQ implemented. NS2 also implements multicasting
and some of the MAC layer protocols for LAN simulations. Currently,
there is only one P2P simulation available for NS2 (Gnutella).
Simulations in NS2 are constructed using a mixture of C++ and OTcl
(Object Orientated version of Tcl created by MIT).
Simulating in NS2 is a four step model.
1. Firstly, add a combination of C++ and OTcl code to the NS2 standard
set of libraries to implement your protocol.
2. Create the simulated network using an OTcl script (define the
nodes, links etc).
3. Run the generated scripts.
4. Analyze the trace files generated by NS2. A graphical model (NAM)
can use the trace files to show a graphical representation of the
simulation. Other tools available include graph plotting.
Due to the realistic nature of the packet level NS2 simulator,
scalability is a major issue. However, like most packet level
simulators NS2 can run in parallel with a number of other machines.
This can increase the maximum number of nodes for a given simulation
but can become difficult to manage. Subsequently, NS2 is commonly
used for simulating small networks and is generally unsuitable for
modelling overlay networks.
NALLAMALA-"UNDISTURBED FOREST"
The 1,000sqkm Nallamala area is probably the largest stretch of undisturbed forests in south India other than the Western Ghats.
It is considered one of toughest and the most treacherous terrains. Even those well-aware of the tracks can get lost.
Little wonder, the Maoists have made Nallamala — spread across five districts of Kurnool, Mahbubnagar, Prakasam, Guntur and Nalgonda — their haven. The Maoists ruled this region for over a decade by camping in the deep forests and troubled successive governments by unleashing a wave of terror. They ran a parallel government in these five districts taking full advantage of the terrain.
The fissured rocks prevent any water from percolating, resulting in most of the discharge running off as mountain streams to join the Gundlakamma river in the hills.
The Krishna river, which flows majestically through the forests, separates Kurnool and Mahbubnagar districts, while the Srisailam reservoir backwaters are spread across a length of 70 km making it easy for the Maoists to escape.
It is considered one of toughest and the most treacherous terrains. Even those well-aware of the tracks can get lost.
Little wonder, the Maoists have made Nallamala — spread across five districts of Kurnool, Mahbubnagar, Prakasam, Guntur and Nalgonda — their haven. The Maoists ruled this region for over a decade by camping in the deep forests and troubled successive governments by unleashing a wave of terror. They ran a parallel government in these five districts taking full advantage of the terrain.
The fissured rocks prevent any water from percolating, resulting in most of the discharge running off as mountain streams to join the Gundlakamma river in the hills.
The Krishna river, which flows majestically through the forests, separates Kurnool and Mahbubnagar districts, while the Srisailam reservoir backwaters are spread across a length of 70 km making it easy for the Maoists to escape.
NALLAMALA - "TIGER HABITAT"
Nallamala is a range of parallel hills and valleys of the Eastern Ghats in eastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. Located south of the Krishna River, the hills run north to south, parallel to the Coromandel Coast on the Bay of Bengal. Their total length is about 265 miles (430 km); the northern boundary is in the Palnad Basin, and the southern boundary is in the Tirupati Hills. Approximately 19 miles (31 km) wide, the Nallamala Range rises to an average elevation of 2,900 to 3,600 feet (900 to 1,100 metres). The rugged, sparsely populated hills are composed for the most part of jumbled quartzites and slates and exemplify the mountain scenery of the Eastern Ghats.
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